The cemetery authorities paid $1.59 a body, and Washington supplied the pine coffins. No soldier killed at Gettysburg ended up in the National Cemetery by divine intervention. In a moral respect, he wrote to Egerton in April 1889, the debt is one of honor, so sacred that any individual or organization should blush for shame one would think to permit it to go unpaid. Reporter covering local news, Washington institutions and historical topics. Memorial ID. Battlefield dead were most often buried haphazardly. Upon graduating, Rufus went to Philadelphia to study anatomy, with the goal of becoming a doctor. After the Battle of Gettysburg Samuel was appointed by Pennsylvania governor Andrew Curtain to oversee the exhumation of Union soldiers for . Reportedly, Basil used the barn at the McPherson Farm, which he rented, to hide runaway slaves. Such was the case 155 years ago this week, when Samuel Wilkeson, the Washington bureau chief of The New York Times, covered the pivotal Civil War Battle of Gettysburg. Rufus initially refused the request because he was busy nurturing his medical career, but he was the only one that had access to his fathers records and the knowledge to find the burials, so after several months of pressure he agreed to help. A Maryland Dumping Site Was Actually A Black Cemetery. He found a black man to execute the job! Round 1 - Dylan Weaver (Shenandoah University) 22-8 won by decision over Eli Crum (Lycoming College) 1-2 (Dec 7-3) Confederates often wore confiscated Yankee trousers but never the blue wool Union coat, he reported. Most of these local organizations fundraised and solicited donations in order to locate, exhume, and reinter the Confederate dead into local or Confederate cemeteries, but struggled financially throughout the process. The streets were lined with weeping spectators, and when they were laid to rest on what would become known as Gettysburg Hill in Hollywood Cemetery, the Rev. To this point, apparently Weaver had been charged only with recovering identified remains (although the North Carolina shipment included 14 sets that were unidentified). Amazingly, as you will see in Episode 3 of Finding Your Roots, she didnt know about Biggs, even though she had grown up visiting the Gettysburg battlefield with her family. Leander Warren, who helped carry the bodies from Gettysburg when he was 13 years old, recalled this arrangement in a 1936 article in the Gettysburg Star and Sentinel: Basil Biggs, colored, of Gettysburg, was given the contract for disinterring the bodies on the field. Weaver, in a report to cemetery authorities, never mentioned the odor that must have attended his work. Biggs must have been very good with animals, historian Gabor Boritt writes in his 2006 book The Gettysburg Gospel. Weaver must have been a compassionate man, or perhaps he sensed a future business opportunity, for he made a record of Confederate graves where . Mrs. Brown went to the bank early that day, he reported, but nothing could be done. Samuel Weaver reported 3,512 total Union bodies "taken up and removed to the Soldiers' National Cemetery" October 27-March 18.: . An article in The Baltimore Sun, published shortly after her death in 1906, provides a clue. HistoryNet.com contains daily features, photo galleries and over 25,000 articles originally published in our nine magazines. . Some of them had been deposited in clay, or in wet soil, and still looked like men. To CorRESPONDENTS. And another unknown soldier was found with a handkerchief spread over his face. Several years later, his son would pick up his father's work to send Confederate burials south. Biggs, however, wasnt just a successful farmer. In some cases, skeletons wearing tattered Union uniforms lay in plain sight. They were buried in corn fields, in orchards, under apple trees, along roadsides, in woods and beside creeks. It appears that Weaver received no payments from the HMA between July 1873 and December 1878, at which time he must have again asked Egerton for help. There the graves of soldiers who fought to preserve the Union were protected, cared for, and decorated on the new holiday known as Memorial Day. The land was part of the Gettysburg Battlefield, and the cemetery is within Gettysburg National Military Park . During the spring and summer of 1871, Dr. Weaver labored for the ladies of the Charleston, S.C., Savannah, Ga., and Wake County (Raleigh, N.C.) Memorial Associations to exhume soldiers from those states and ship them home. [45] Round 2 - Evan Lindner won by major decision over Taylor Weaver (Delaware Valley) (MD 12-1) Cons. The men picked up coffins at the railway station, brought them to the original burial site, and, under the supervision of a man named Samuel Weaver, took their time to inspect and remove the remains. 13, 1811] He said that he was present for each exhumation, in which workers used long metal hooks to pull decomposed bodies from graves. Later that summer, 100 sets of remains were sent to Savannah, where they were reinterred with ceremonies in August and September. William S. Hodgdon, of the 20th Maine, had a fish hook with him. Heres what we learn in a July 20, 2013, posting on the Blog of Gettysburg National Military Park about the artist John Bachelder, who devoted himself to preserving the history and memory of the battle for future generations: If a single monument were selected to represent [John] Bachelder and how he viewed the battle it would be the High Water Mark monument at the Copse of Trees on Cemetery Ridge, along Hancock Avenue. It is estimated that approximately 7,800 men were killed during the three days of that battle. What most of us werent taught about Gettysburg, though, is that the job of burying those bodies fell to African Americans who, having suffered personally as a result of the battle, formed burial details in aid of its commemoration. Kathleen Logothetis Thompson graduated from Siena College in May 2010 with a B.A. In a letter written to Mrs. K.L. Historical Person Search Search Search Results Results Samuel Galt Weaver (1884 - 1966) Try FREE for 14 days Try FREE for 14 days. The Battle of Gettysburg, which we all remember from school, raged from July 1 to July 3, 1863. Feb 25, 2012 - Samuel Weaver supervised the exhumation of Union soldiers from the battlefield and surrounding communities so[.] Then Bachelder tried a different tack. It was a gruesome task. Today. ) he emphasized, that I suggested to the association per Capt. We may earn a commission from links on this page. He was living in Adams County, PA when he died. . Cons. Without a central government to handle reburying the war dead, the task fell to local citizens. The FBI sniper, Lon Horiuchi, killed Vicki Weaver on Aug. 22, 1992, as she was standing in the doorway of the family cabin in northern Idaho, holding her baby daughter. I am therefore somewhat at a loss to understand why you have been waiting for us to move in the matter. Eighty-four sets of remains were sent to Charleston, where a dedication ceremony was held on May 10, 1871. An old photograph shows Weaver standing by the grave with an open book in his hand. How it ended. Basil Biggs was nothing if not industrious. Being previously disappointed, and most desirous to know what progress is being made in the settlement of the Maury claim, will you please inform mewhat the prospects are for an early payment of the balance ($1196.34) on the principal of the original debt?, Minors response was also less courteous than before. Uh-oh, overstock: Wayfair put their surplus on sale for up to 50% off. Accordion . Samuel Hodgman served with the Seventh Michigan Volunteer Infantry Unit of the Union Army at the Battle of Gettysburg. Initially this group turned to Samuel Weaver, the same man who had disinterred the Union dead and who had taken careful note of Confederate burials in the process. The wagons were draped in black bunting, and were accompanied by more than a thousand former Confederate soldiers, among them Generals George Pickett, John Imboden, and James Lane, as well as bands playing mournful dirges. Soon enough, though, the challenge of proper burial . Confederate monument in Hollywood Cemetery, Richmond, VA (photo by author). Unfortunately for the ladies of the South, Samuel Weaver was killed in a railroad accident in February 1871. The man holding the book in the photo is Samuel Weaver, Peter's father. Well never know the internal story of Basil Biggs and his black burial detail, for even the most disturbing photographs, Creighton writes, fail to capture what these men did with their emotions as they sorted through peoplewhether they grew inured to the dead and learned to work mechanically, or whether the smell and sight of humans turned from flesh to dust exacted a lasting psychological toll., What we do know is, thanks to Biggs and his men, Lincoln was able to deliver his Gettysburg Address in front of orderly rows of graves in the new national cemetery. Pinterest. The majority of those remains were retrieved from the Rose Farm, across which Brig. As the fighting dragged on, desperate soldiers from both sides ransacked the countryside for food and shelter. While the Union dead were quickly moved to their new resting place in the cemetery, the Confederate dead were left in their battlefield graves. Thats exactly what our investigation bore out. In early 1889, however, Weaver urged Egerton to make another effort. Samuel supervised the operation in which the remains of over 3,500 Union soldiers were exhumed and then reburied in the Gettysburg National Cemetery. This rankled many Southerners, so the ladies of the South took it upon themselves to care for the fallen as they had cared for the wounded soldiers who had fought for the Cause.. He was born in Iowa and raised in a remote cabin with his parents and siblings, and he was indoctrinated with Christian fundamentalist and white supremacist views; his mother, the religious head of the family . It was dedicated Nov. 19, 1863, and immortalized in a speech given there by President Abraham Lincoln. [The Centinel, (Gettysburg, Pa.), Mar. During the three days of combat, the invading Confederate troops turned Basils farm into a field hospital. It is located just outside Gettysburg Borough to the south, in Adams County, Pennsylvania. They suggested that the ladies sign over to Dr. Weaver their claim against R.H. Maury & Co., amounting to about $3,800 at that time, acknowledging that that amount fell far short of the approximately $12,000 owed. All the lawyers in the land cannot wipe out the sacred obligation imposed on the Association for its liquidation.. Exhumations of the estimated 2,500-3,000 bodies remaining on the field began on April 19, 1872. in History and a Certificate in Revolutionary Era Studies. The third result is Samuel A Weaver age 80+ in Pittsburgh, PA in the Upper Lawrenceville neighborhood. If there was a headboard, he ordered it nailed to the coffin. The area around Gettysburg, Pa., was no exception. Semi - Wiley Kahler (Lycoming College) 4-2 won by decision over Mark Samuel (Roanoke College) 11-4 (Dec 17-12) 3rd Place Match . The obituary says nothing, however, about his selfless efforts to return the Confederate dead at Gettysburg to their native soil, efforts that went largely unrewarded. Many of the photographs taken during the cemetery's consecration ceremonies have been attributed to the Weavers. A soldier identified as Charles Sets had a pocketbook and locks of hair from his father, mother, sister and brother. A white Gettysburg resident, F.W. Henry Louis Gates Jr.is the Alphonse Fletcher University Professor and founding director of the Hutchins Center for African and African American Research at Harvard University. He continued to feel, however, that he had been used poorly by the ladies of the HMA. Between the Confederates and Unions . How could an obligation of this size have been created? BEATY - TWINAM, Married on the 27th ult by the Rev. In no instance was a body allowed to be removed which had any portion of the rebel clothing on it, Weaver reported. . Once again, the ladies of the HMA reacted angrily, demanding the UDC cease its efforts in that regard because the matter is entirely between the HMA and Dr. Weaver. Their reaction might have stemmed from the growing rivalry between the ladies of the HMA and the newer, larger organization. However, the graves of men who had fallen in far-off places like Antietam and Gettysburg were beyond the ladies reach, both physically and financially. He had been unable to identify 469 remains in the shipment but surmised that, because of where they were buried, 325 of them had fallen in Picketts Charge. He placed them in 27 boxes he labeled with the letter P. The rest of the unidentified bodies were found in other parts of the battlefield and were placed in 13 boxes. They found soldiers everywhere, in every condition. In the months and years after the titanic Civil War battle here in July 1863, Weaver was part of a vast and grisly enterprise in which the bodies of thousands of soldiers, first Union and then Confederate, were exhumed and moved. In total Weaver sent 3,320 Confederate soldiers to the south for burial; 40 bodies were left in Sherfys peach orchard and hundreds more could not be located, having been washed away or obliterated in the years after the battle. As the battle approached, they werent taking any chances with Gen. Robert E. Lees rebels, some of whom had seen the invasion as a tempting opportunity to reverse the flow of the Underground Railroad and send runaways, refugees and free black peoplewhomever they foundback down South and straight into slavery. The same census tracked Biggs move up (in more ways than one). By this time, Egerton was more than 70 years old and Weaver was 60. One unknown soldier was found with a Bible in German that was inscribed by Catherine Detanpafer.. Son of Thomas Weaver and Margaret (Cowper) Weaver. On Thursday he ate his dinner with the family after which he said he did not feel well, and would go upstairs . Some individual families were able to make the trek, but operations on a mass scale would have to wait until the South recovered financially. Soldiers were generally buried where they fell, and any farmers field was likely to contain a grave. Weaver was asked to travel to Richmond to meet with the board, which included such influential members as Robert Bryan, attorney, financier, and newspaper editor; W.E. He entered the same information in his logbook. Biggs also discovered that forty-five dead Confederates were buried on the farm, according to the website Pennsylvania Quest for Freedom. On December 31, 1891, the Board gave the ladies the unwelcome news that Weavers claims were legitimate. In the 1860 census, all of Basil and Mary Biggs school-age childrenHanna, Eliza and Calvinwere listed as: attends school.. After-all, he had known which burial places not to disinter in 1863. She earned her M.A. 1 Roy, Paul L., editor, "Pennsylvania at Gettysburg: The Seventy-Fifth Anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg" (Gettysburg: Times and News Publishing Company, 1939).. 2 For reasons noted above, any such list is bound to omit some names, including those of veterans who attended at their own expense. As always, you can find more Amazing Facts About the Negro onThe Root, and check back each week as we count to 100. He was pushing the work as he knew that if it were put off much longer there would be little left to retrieve. Gettysburg National Cemetery is a United States national cemetery created for Union casualties from the Battle of Gettysburg in the American Civil War. The Gettysburg Soldiers' Cemetery and Lincoln's Address: Aspects and Angles. Coco, Gregory A. Most had been buried in hastily dug holes that were easily disturbed by animals, rain or a plough. Explore. Some graves were marked, other graves were simply trenches holding dozens of bodies, unmarked except for signs indicating the number of bodies therein. What set them apart from neighbors such as Joseph Sherfy and William Bliss was that they were Black. By April 20, the HMA had forwarded funds so that work could commence as soon as Dr. Weaver could go to Gettysburg. Learn more about merges. (Biggs was never reimbursed for the damages to his property. Meet the Man Whos Made It His Lifes Work, A Clash of Confederate Personalities at Gettysburg, An Infantryman Returned to the Jungle to Look for His Friends Remains, https://www.historynet.com/hundreds-of-confederates-were-buried-in-gettysburgs-fields-this-mans-task-was-to-send-them-home/, Jerrie Mock: Record-Breaking American Female Pilot. (Weaver) Milhimes of Gettysburg, granddaughter Rebecca E. (Milhimes) Peterson and husband James of . Research genealogy for Samuel Weaver of Gettysburg, Adams, Pennsylvania, USA, as well as other members of the Weaver family, on Ancestry. Since the event is listed on the schools schedule, that most-likely means that the starters will be in attendance. 05/14/63, d. 10/05/64), Louisa (b. WEAVER Samuel B. Weaver, 81 years old, Columbus, Ohio, died August 19, born January 31, 1926 in Gettysburg, PA. The second best result is Samuel W Weaver age 70s in Coal Township, PA. Samuel is related to Geraldine T Weaver and Eric S Weaver as well as 2 additional people. We are a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for us to earn fees by linking to Amazon.com and affiliated sites. Union victory. Some of them were in trenches, side by side. Every stone at Gettysburg contains a story of valiancy and suffering. Among his greatest accomplishments was his complete dissection of the . The constant farming over the graves, the remains were generally yielding to decay or absorption, and hence the work had to be done then or never, he wrote years later. He might have assumed that, based on his prior experience with the ladies of Savannah, Raleigh, and Charleston, that he had no reason to worry, for those associations had paid their bills in full. The stakes then couldnt have been higherslavery vs. freedomnor the ground the soldiers fell on more hallowed. Basil Biggs is buried in Lincoln Cemetery alongside his wife, and today a plaque there honors him and the other Sons of Good Will for their good works. . Reared in Gettysburg, Levi enlisted in Company I of the 127th Pennsylvania in August 1862. Most were unrecognizable.. Once again, Confederate dead were not welcome in those cemeteries. Did Biggs have nightmares? Nearly all were buried hastily. Levi H. Mumper was born on May 8, 1843, to Samuel Weaver Mumper and Mary Catherine (Shultz) Mumper in a house near Dillsburg. Before the Civil War, Biggs had been a farmer, veterinarian and a conductor on the Underground Railroad. The ladies seemed to feel that the matter was settled, leaving them with no further responsibility. In 1863, Samuel Weaver carefully exhumed thousands of Union bodies from Gettysburg battlefield for burial in the new National Cemetery. He was contracted to be the superintendent for the exhuming of the bodies of union soldiers on the battlefield. (Biggs, as we will learn later, had steep experience in these matters!) <p>William Samuel Weaver aged 90, of Carlisle passed away November 21, 2022, at the Church of God Home in Carlisle. There is absolutely no money to get and no legal steps by which you could secure it if there were is written in thick strokes. We are sad to announce that on November 21, 2022, at the age of 90, William Samuel Weaver of Carlisle, Pennsylvania passed away. Gettysburg, however, remained a concern because distance kept former Confederates from easily claiming the bodies. One of the more mysterious characters in the # daystodedication story is Samuel Weaver. And regarding each bone important and sacred as an integral part of the skeleton, I removed them so that none might be left or lost.. He set them aside in special packages for relatives or friends to claim later. Soldiers National Cemetery at Gettysburg, the Blog of Gettysburg National Military Park. This unit was assigned to the Army of the Potomac in 1861 and fought the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in battles leading up to Gettysburg, including the Battles of Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville. We will review the memorials and decide if they should be merged. . The perseverance of the president of the association, however, aided by [an unnamed] farmers wife, finally secured his permission without compensation. So in 1866, just a year after the end of the Civil War, Biggs and others formed the Sons of Good Will, a benevolent association rallying around the cry We must find a place to bury our dead, according to a June 27, 2013, report by Cara Anthony in the Frederick News-Post. But Samuel Weaver was killed in February 1871, in a fluke railroad mishap. Dimmock replied that the suggestion contained in your last [letter] is scarcely available, as our ladies could not ask the aid you propose. by Rodney Kennedy . At the end of the war, tens of thousands of soldiers graves dotted battlefields from Pennsylvania to Louisiana. 1-2 won by fall over Cooper Leszczuk (Gettysburg College) 8-12 (Fall 6:53) Champ. . In 1889, Weaver wrote to his friend, Ada Egerton: Over 16 years have now passed away and today over twelve thousand dollars (including interest) is due me without a line from any of those interested in the debtdebt which you have often truly said is one of Sacred honor. Weaver certainly had a right to be aggrieved, for $12,000 in 1889 is the equivalent of more than $350,000 today. The Biggs were married in 1843. His efforts to get paid for it proved to be nearly as difficult. Whatever the cause, he allowed more than a hint of frustration to seep into this letter. . Touch device users, explore by touch or with swipe gestures. Union dead went to the new cemetery on Cemetery Hill or to homes in the North. The men picked up coffins at the railway station, brought them to the original burial site, and, under the supervision of a man named Samuel Weaver, took their time to inspect and remove the remains. Editors note:For those who are wondering about the retro title of this black-history series, please take a moment to learn about historianJoel A. Rogers, author of the 1934 book100 Amazing Facts About the Negro With Complete Proof,to whom these amazing facts are an homage. In making the dead and their families whole, Biggs saw a way to make his family whole. The ladies accepted without question their male advisors assurances that the funds would be recovered. A Civil War veteran, he enlisted in York September 4,. With the body of Sgt. Husband of Ann Jackson married [date unknown] [location unknown] Husband of Elizabeth (Bygrave) Weaver married 1625 in Jamestown, James City, Virginia, United . Her thesis A Question of Life or Death: Suicide and Survival in the Union Army examines wartime suicide among Union soldiers, its causes, and the reasons that army saw a relatively low suicide rate. During this long interval, I have been waiting and hoping most patiently, as I did for twenty years prior to the present Associations assumption of the responsibility for the debt. The Richmond ladies sent him payments totaling $2,800, but still owed $6,000 for the work. Leave a sympathy message to the family on the memorial page of William Samuel Weaver to pay them a last . In March 1874, Major Robert Stiles, a Richmond attorney, wrote to Mrs. Egerton that one of the notes due from Maury had come due on March 1. Reading his claim for damages, calculated at $1,506, we can see that he lost everythingfrom livestock to crops to furnitureeven his reserves of jams and jellies! He has been a general assignment reporter at the Philadelphia Bulletin, an urban affairs and state feature writer at the Philadelphia Inquirer, and a Pentagon correspondent at Knight Ridder newspapers. He was the second of seven children born to the couple. By the spring of 1871, he was a lecturer in anatomy at Hahnemann Medical College. So, after the Sons of Good Will opened Lincoln Cemetery, were black soldiers later buried in the Gettysburg National Cemetery that Biggs had helped consecrate during the Civil War? Michael E. Ruane is a general assignment reporter who also covers Washington institutions and historical topics. Our 9 best-selling history titles feature in-depth storytelling and iconic imagery to engage and inform on the people, the wars, and the events that shaped America and the world. But by 1860, two years after he had settled there, the United States was on the brink of civil war. @1857), Anna Mary (b. I then saw the body, with all the hair and all the particles of bone, carefully placed in the coffin.. JAMES H. LANE Gettysburg 1911 Civil War Portrait RRC Panel RARE! Weaver managed his medical practice during the day, then labored for hours at night using his anatomical training to piece together individual bodies from the graves and prepare them for shipment. Most were the simple items that the average Billy Yank might carry a comb, a pipe, a toothbrush, a knife, a fork and a spoon. (b . Janney, Caroline E. Burying the Dead But Not the Past: Ladies Memorial Associations & TheLost Cause. His efforts are noted on a beautiful monument erected in Raleighs Oakwood Cemetery in 1997, where 137 sets of remains that Weaver recovered were reinterred in 1871. Laboring under the shadow of the Soldiers National Cemetery, Creighton writes, the Sons of Good Will struggled to find and maintain a place to bury black veterans.. He has a large practice and his residence is a magnificent one, surrounded by one hundred and twenty acres of land.. In fact, she was downright dismissive. By 1870 he was a medical doctor. In her bookThe Colors of Courage: Gettysburgs Forgotten History, Margaret Creighton notes that Biggs began working for others at the age of four. Allen Guelzo, author of Gettysburg: The Last Invasion,identifies him as a free black teamster in Baltimore., Although much about Biggs early years remains unclear, it is certain that in 1858 he moved his family from the slave state of Maryland to the free state of Pennsylvaniato a little town called Gettysburg. Mystery surrounds the infamous burning of the Reichstag in 1933. It would become one of the busiest Confederate hospital stations during that devastating battle. When Samuel W. Weaver was born on 21 January 1862, in Pennsylvania, United States, his father, Jacob Boger Weaver, was 29 and his mother, Catherine Carroll, was 24. Dr. Samuel Weaver son of Samuel Weaver, gave them their sons back. Its a rare and striking photograph that shows Weaver and his men exhuming some of the bodies for transfer to the National Cemetery, according to Gettysburg photo historian William A. Frassanito. Skip Ancestry main menu Main Menu. Rose was not the only local farmer who saw the efforts to remove Confederate dead as an opportunity to recoup financial losses suffered during the battle. The most comprehensive and authoritative history site on the Internet. He wrote that he had been told in May 1893 that some land was to be sold in the very near future, yet he had not had a copper nor a word since that date. Appalling post-battle scenes had prompted Pennsylvania Gov. GETTYSBURG, Pa. Four score and 79 years ago this Saturday, Abraham Lincoln stood up in the newly dedicated cemetery for Union soldiers who fell at Gettysburg and delivered one . Eight years later, in December 1901, he wrote again to Egerton, asking if she would again go to Richmond, either with him or on her own. One week later, the boxes containing the remains were unloaded from steamers at the wharves in Richmond and solemnly escorted through the streets. Lee decided as well to give the war-torn state of . His victory at Chancellorsville had raised the morale of his army and he believed it was then the right time to take the fight to the Union Army. William Samuel Weaver Obituary. HistoryNet.com is brought to you by HistoryNet LLC, the worlds largest publisher of history magazines. Genealogy for Samuel Clay Weaver (1910 - 1916) family tree on Geni, with over 230 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives. Child of Jacob Weber but all of Jacob's children were given the name "Weaver". His obituary in The Philadelphia Inquirer lauds his long career as a professor of anatomy at Hahnemann Medical College in Philadelphia, where he became famous for being the first person to successfully dissect the complete cerebrospinal nervous system of a human being. Past Addresses: Homes, Rental Properties, businesses, apartments, condos and/or other real estate associated with Samuel Weaver in Gettysburg, PA. 5313 Madison St New Port Richey FL 34652 9328 Adler St New Port Richey FL 34654 139 S Washington St Gettysburg PA 17325 659 Madison Ave York PA 17404 228 York St In addition, Kathleen has been a seasonal interpreter at Fredericksburg & Spotsylvania National Military Park since 2010 and has worked on various other publications and projects. Ada was active in efforts to provide aid to Confederate prisoners at Point Lookout in Southern Maryland during the war, and after the war was very involved with the Southern Relief Society. According to a study of the aftermath of the battle by historian Gregory A. Coco, a Gettysburg teenager named Leander Warren, who ferried bodies and pine coffins in a freight wagon, had vivid memories of the work: Many friends of the dead soldiers came here to witness the disinterment of their loved ones and the new burial in the national plot. In some cases, that was merely a matter of decorating the graves in existing cemeteries, but in places like Winchester, Va., where a great deal of fighting had occurred in surrounding areas, there was more work to do but precious few resources with which to do it. The ladies of the South sprang into action, and before the end of the year the Ladies Memorial Associations of Charleston, Raleigh, Richmond, and Savannah were raising funds to pay for the exhumation, transfer, and reburial in their native soil of the fallen soldiers from their states. 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